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The Mongols in China

This is an illustrated four-part historical account of Mongol rule in China. It includes sections on: the Mongol influence on China; Khubilai Khan in China; life in China under Mongol rule; and the beginnings of the Mongol collapse. The life in China section describes the effects of Mongol rule on peasants, artisans, merchants, ...

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The Mongols in world history

This rich online resource is about the Mongol empire viewed in the context of the beginnings of world history. It provides a comprehensive set of materials about the Mongol culture and its history during the period from the birth of Temujin - later Chinggis (Genghis) Khan - in about 1162 to the end of the empire in 1368. ...

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Vindolanda

This resource is about the Roman garrison established at Vindolanda. It includes extracts from the Vindolanda tablets dating from the period AD 97-103, which documented details of everyday life for a Roman soldier on the north-west frontier of Roman Britain. The resource describes the discovery of the tablets and their ...

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Rural exodus

This resource is about the exodus of country people over the last two centuries from the villages and hamlets of Britain to the towns and cities and overseas. It is organised under the following topic headings; Introduction; a better life; Leaving the Highlands; Relative opportunities - pros and cons; and Find out more. ...

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Map of ocean gyres

This is a colour map showing the Earth's main ocean gyres - mounded circular currents - and the Antarctic circumpolar current. Segments of each gyre are colour-coded to show cold and warm currents.

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Map of ocean salinity

This is a colour map showing the variation in salinity (salt content) of the oceans across the Earth. Increments in salinity are shown in colours ranging from light blue to red. A legend is included.

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Bryozoan skeletons in acidic solution

This is a colour photograph of two tubes, each containing bryozoan skeletons in acidic solution. The photograph depicts a scientific experiment investigating the effect of different pH levels on bryozoan skeletons. (Classification - Phylum: Bryozoa)

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Marine scientists preparing to scuba dive

This is a colour photograph of a group of marine scientists preparing to scuba dive. The researchers are dressed in scuba diving gear including wetsuits, masks, fins and oxygen tanks. They are aboard a vessel in New Zealand's Fiordland.

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A leopard seal on ice

This is a colour photograph of a leopard seal ('Hydrurga leptonyx') lying on an ice floe. The seal is long and sinuous, and has a small head and a dark grey dorsal surface with a lighter grey underbelly. The seal has recently eaten, and blood from its kill can be seen on the ice.

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Tuna sandwich trophic pyramid

This image is a diagram known as a trophic pyramid. This example shows the levels of an ecosystem that support the growth of tuna, which might be consumed by a human in a tuna sandwich. The diagram shows six levels in the 'pyramid' from phytoplankton through to humans, and visually depicts the size of the biomass at each ...

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Marine scientist in the laboratory

This is a colour photograph of marine scientist Dr Miles Lamare. Dr Lamare is in his office at the Portobello Marine Laboratory at the University of Otago, New Zealand. On the desk behind Dr Lamare is the scientific equipment he uses to download data from electronic tags, which he attaches to sea stars.

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'Washington, DC Government charwoman', 1942

This is a famous black-and-white anti-discrimination photograph, also widely known as 'American Gothic, Washington, DC'. It shows Mrs Ella Watson, an African American cleaner at the Treasury in Washington, USA. She is standing stiffly in front of the US flag, with a broom on one side and a mop on the other. The photograph ...

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'The abolition of the slave trade', 1792

This is a hand-coloured cartoon print showing an African girl being hoisted by the ankle for a flogging on board the British slaving vessel Recovery. The vessel's captain John Kimber is seen on the left, whip in hand. The cartoon was drawn by Isaac Cruikshank and published by S W Fores in London on 10 April 1792. The alternative ...

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'Migrant mother', 1936

This is one of the most famous photographs of the Great Depression in the USA. It shows Florence Owens Thompson aged 32 huddled together with three of her seven children (the baby is obscured). The family as a whole are described in the Library of Congress catalogue as 'migrant' (ie itinerant) pea pickers in California ...

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Catalyst: Solar power

This is a solar-powered car designed and built in 1986-87 by an Australian team led by Ian Landon Smith. Constructed on a square tube frame, it has a very low body - it is just over 1 m high - a round nose and removable fibreglass cockpit cover and tinted windscreen. Body panels are made of fibreglass, mylar and kevlar, ...

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Antarctic sea star

This image is a colour photograph of an Antarctic sea star feeding. A sea stars pushes its stomach out through its mouth, releases digestive enzymes and digests its prey. In this image, the yellowish sea star is held above a small tank and can be seen feeding.

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Preserved colony of bryozoans

This image is a colour photograph of a preserved colony of bryozoans. Bryozoans are colonial carnivorous animals about 1 mm long and 0.25 mm wide that live in calcareous skeletons. The colony shown has a branching structure with many filament-like structures extending from the main branches, reminiscent of moss or coral.

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Blue cod, 'Parapercis colias'

This is a colour underwater photograph of a blue cod ('Parapercis colias'), showing its bright blue colouration. The image mostly displays the front part of the cod, especially the head with its large eyes and lips. (Classification - Phylum: Chordata; Class: Actinopterygii; Order: Perciformes; Family: Pinguipedidae.)

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Harvesting New Zealand cockles

This is a colour photograph of two people collecting New Zealand cockles ('Austrovenus stutchburyi') in shallow sea water. The cockles are being dug by hand from a sand flat and placed into buckets. (Classification - Phylum: Mollusca; Class: Bivalvia; Order: Veneroida; Family Veneridae.)

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'The parting - "Buy us too"', 1863

This is a colour lithographic card showing a shackled slave being taken away by his new owner as his wife and child beg to be bought as well so the family would not be separated. The owner gestures them away with his whip. The card was the fourth in a collectable series of 12 album cards entitled 'The slave in 1863. A thrilling ...