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Listed under:  Science  >  Matter  >  Chemical reactions  >  Bonding (Chemistry)
Video

Atoms of Fire: Vitalism disproved through evidence

Discover how the scientific theory of vitalism, championed by the Swedish chemist Jöns Berzelius, was disproved by his former student Friedrich Wöhler. Find out the way chemists study how the different atoms in organic compounds combine in set ratios depending on the 'valence' of those atoms.

Interactive

Reactions and rates

This is an interactive resource in which students explore what makes a reaction happen by colliding atoms and molecules. The can design experiments with different reactions, concentrations, and temperatures. Students can use the potential energy diagram to determine the activation energy for the forward and reverse reactions, ...

Image

Water molecule

This is a colour image of a model of a molecule of water, H₂O. In this model, atoms are represented by coloured spheres held together by grey rods, representing covalent bonds. The water molecule contains one oxygen atom (the red sphere) and two hydrogen atoms (the grey-white spheres).

Image

Ethanol molecule

This is a colour image of a model of a molecule of ethanol, CH₃CH₂OH. In this model, atoms are represented by coloured spheres held together by grey rods that represent covalent bonds. The molecule contains two carbon atoms (the black spheres), one oxygen atom (the red sphere) and six hydrogen atoms (the grey-white spheres).

Image

Hydrogen molecule

This is a colour image of a model of a molecule of hydrogen, H₂. In this model, two hydrogen atoms are represented by grey-white spheres held together by a grey rod that represents a covalent bond.

Image

Iodine molecule

This is a colour image of a model of a molecule of iodine, I₂. In this model, two iodine atoms are represented by deep red spheres held together by a grey rod that represents a covalent bond.

Image

Oxygen molecule

This is a colour image of a model of a molecule of oxygen, O₂. In this model, two oxygen atoms are represented by red spheres held together by grey rods that represent a double covalent bond.